In 2011, Dutch researchers announced their intention to publish a research paper in Science (journal), describing the creation of Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 which can be easily passed between ferrets, the mammals which most closely mimic the human response to the flu.
The announcement triggered a controversy in both political and scientific circles about the ethical implications of publishing scientific data which could be used to create biological weapons. These events are examples of how science data could potentially be misused.
Scientists have collaboratively agreed to limit their own fields of inquiry on occasions such as the Asilomar conference on recombinant DNA in 1975, and a proposed 2015 worldwide moratorium on a human-genome-editing technique - nytimes.com 
# See also - Open Science - For open science - Against open science