Research and development are very difficult to manage, since the defining feature of research is that the researchers do not know in advance exactly how to accomplish the desired result. As a result, "higher R&D spending does not guarantee more creativity, higher profit or a greater market share".Aerospace and Defense: Inventing and Selling the Next Generation 
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Research is the most risky financing area because both the development of an invention and its successful realization carries uncertainty including the profitability of the invention.Investor-partner business partner finder Business dictionary One way entrepreneurs can reduce these uncertainties is to buy the licence for a franchise, so that the know-how is already incorporated in the licence.Investor-partner business partner finder Business dictionary